Mobility on Renewable Energy

Future Mobility depends on mobile energy applications. There will be mainly two mobile energy carriers: Electricity and Hydrogen. 

Energy resources (generation)

Electricity and Hydrogen can be completely generated from Renewable Energy Sources.

Energy transmission

The energy transmission from the Renewable Sources to the various mobile energy applications will be performed via environmental adoptable transmission technologies, enabling new generation Energy Supply Grids (ESG), consisting of Wide and Local Area Networks (WAN/LAN) and controlled by Energy Supply Intelligence Systems (ESIS).

Some leading ESG technologies are:

  • HVDC/AC (high voltage direct/altering current)
  • GIL (Gas-insulated transmission line)
  • Hydrogen pipelines
  • Hydrogen containers

Energy storage (mobile/local)

The energy carriers Electricity and Hydrogen can be stored efficiently for mobile applications:

  • Electricity (received directly from the ESG)
    • Batteries
  • Hydrogen (see below for ways of generation)
    • LH2 (liquid at -253 'C)
    • Chemically bound (Metal hydrids)
    • CGH2 (compressed gas <= 700 bar)

Hydrogen production/generation

Currently there are 3 distinct ways and various known methods to produce/generate Hydrogen:

  • From fossil (carbon) sources
    • Steam reforming (conventional with high CO2 emissions)
  • From Renewable Energy (Solar, Wind, Hydro, Geothermal, Biomass) via electricity, provided directly from the ESG
    • Electrolysis (industrial more advanced method)
  • From Renewable Energy (Solar, Biomass) without electricity
    • Biological Photolytic Hydrogen generation
    • Electrochemical Photolytic Hydrogen generation
    • Hydrogen generation via biological water splitting
    • Hydrogen generation via photo electrochemical water splitting
    • Hydrogen generation via fermentation
    • Hydrogen generation via conversion of Biomass and Wastes
    • Hydrogen generation via Solar Thermal water splitting (HyDROSOL - HTE)
    • Hydrogen generation via usage of thermal energy from Biomass pyrolysis water splitting (HTE)

Energy application (mobile/stationary)

There will be various mobile applications of the energy carriers Electricity and Hydrogen, like:

  • Street vehicles (cars, buses, trucks, bikes, etc.)
    • Battery-powered Electric Vehicles (BEVs)
    • Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)
    • Hydrogen-Powered Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs)
  • Trains (long distance and suburban)
  • Ships (on sea, lakes, rivers)
  • Airplanes
  • Industrial vehicles (i.e. cargo lifters, etc.)
  • Mobile electric devices
  • Backup power plants

Energy provisioning for mobile applications:

The mobile (stationary) energy provisioning will apply in the following forms:

  • Electricity for electric engines or electric devices
    • From batteries
    • From mobile Hydrogen storage powered Fuel Cells
  • Hydrogen for internal combustion engines (ICE)
    • From mobile Hydrogen storage
  • Hydrogen for backup power plants
    • From locally supplied Hydrogen (containers/pipelines)

Establish the European Mobility on renewable (low-carbon) energy!

iea ETP 2010 BLUE MAP scenarios
At CO2 emission reductions and Energy €fficiency, according to iea ETP 2010 BLUE MAP scenarios, outlining how CO2 emissions could be reduced to 50% below 2000 levels, to limit global warming at <= 2oC.